Nieuwenstein 0 1 0 department of experimental psychology, research school of behavioural and cognitive neurosciences, university of groningen, grote kruistraat 21, 9712 ts groningen, the netherlands 1 wisnu wiradhany ophir, nass, and wagner 2009, proceedings of the national. Wagner c a symbolic systems program and b department of communication, 450 serra mall, building 120, stanford university, stanford, ca 943052050. Cognitive control in media multitaskers xiaoying gao 12. Behavioral sciences free fulltext features of media. Results showed that heavy media multitaskers are more susceptible to interference from irrelevant environmental stimuli and from irrelevant representations. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, august 24, 2009. Interestingly, participants with intermediate levels of media multitasking sometimes per formed better than both light and heavy media multitaskers, suggesting that.
Re searchers have examined the immediate effects of multitasking, and of media multitasking in particular, on memory, learning, and cognitive. Sep 15, 2009 chronic media multitasking is quickly becoming ubiquitous, although processing multiple incoming streams of information is considered a challenge for human cognition. Please do not cite without permission the association between media multitasking, taskswitching, and dualtask performance. For media multitaskers, when can irrelevant stimuli have positive or negative effects on working performance. These measures are both hallmarks of the need for immediate gratification which has been associated with fast, intuitive system1 decision making, as opposed to more deliberate and effortful system2 decision making.
Given that a large number of media multitaskers mmts are children and. Media multitasking is the concurrent use of multiple digital media streams. Cognitive control in media multitaskers ophira, eyal. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, usa, 106, 1558315587 pdf commentary pmid. Researchers have examined the immediate effects of multitasking, and of media multitasking in particular, on memory, learning, and cognitive functioning 2 4. A 2009 study by stanford university published in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences, cognitive control in media multitaskers, used experiments to compare heavy media multitaskers to light media multitaskers in terms of their cognitive control. Media multitasking and implicit learning kathleen s. While more research is required to elucidate these associations, the emergent trend, while small, suggests a negative relationship between high levels of media multitasking and aspects of cognitive control.
Given that a large number of media multitaskers mmts are children and young. Individuals who engage in heavier mediamultitasking are found to perform worse on cognitive control tasks and exhibit more socioemotional difficulties. These are the sources and citations used to research media multitasking and cognitive process. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america. A trait media multitasking index was developed to identify groups. Media multitasking and cognitive control accepted pending minor revisions in the journal of experimental psychology. Wagnerc asymbolic systems program and bdepartment of communication, 450 serra mall, building 120, stanford university, stanford, ca 943052050. Media multitasking, cognition, academic performance. Sep 15, 2009 the goal was to examine whether there is a relationship between chronic media multitasking and cognitive control abilities. Sep 15, 2009 media as extensions or amputations to cognition. The association between media multitasking, taskswitching, and dualtask performance. In an evermore saturated media environment, media multitaskinga persons consumption of more than one item or stream of content at the same timeis becoming an increasingly prevalent phenomenon, especially among the young.
Past research suggests that heavy media multitaskers hmms perform worse on tasks that require executive control, compared to light media multitaskers lmms. Google scholar cardosoleite p, kludt r, vignola g, ma wj, green cs, bavelier d. University of groningen cognitive control in media. The paper addresses the phenomenon of media multitasking that is being widely spread among children and adolescents in the context of digital socialization.
This paper aims to investigate whether individual differences between hmms and lmms make them respond differently to advertising in a media multitasking context and whether this stems from differences in the ability. One possibility is that chronic media multitaskers exhibit advantages in cognitive control, which would motivate future work to establish whether heavy multitasking confers or reflects these advantages. As the use of electronics and media in daily activities increases, one essential question is how adolescent attention development and related executive and speed processes are impacted by media multitasking mm, or the simultaneous use of media e. One possibility is that chronic media multitaskers exhibit advantages in cognitive. Individuals who regularly engage in this activity, heavy media multitaskers hmms, are more affected by irrelevant information that can intrude into a primary task than are light media multitaskers lmmsophir et al, 2009 proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the. Cognitive control in media multitaskers journalists resource.
Media multitasking, the concurrent use of multiple media forms, has been shown to be related to greater selfreported impulsivity and less self control. Sep 11, 2015 cognitive control in media multitaskers. Researchers have examined the immediate effects of multitasking, and of media multitasking in particular, on memory, learning, and cognitive functioning. Media multitasking and cognitive, psychological, neural.
A series of experiments addressed whether there are systematic differences in information processing styles between chronically heavy and. Jul 11, 20 cognitive control in media multitaskers ophira, eyal. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america, 10637, 1558315587 orbinger, s. A fulltext pdf of this document is available for free download from. Contrasting action video game experience with media multitasking. Pdf cognitive control in media multitaskers clifford. Media multitasking and cognitive control accepted pending minor. Wagner, journalproceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america, year2009, volume106 37.
Media multitasking, or the concurrent consumption of multiple media forms, is increasingly prevalent in todays society and has been associated with negative psychosocial and cognitive impacts. A growing amount of modern media is consumed simultaneously, a phenomenon known as media multitasking. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america, 106. On average, 29% of that time is spent juggling multiple media streams simultaneously ie, media multitasking. Light media multitaskers mmi is created by computing a sum across primary media use weighted by the percentage of time spent with each primary medium. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 106 37, 1558315587. An account for this is that with a breadthbiased style of cognitive control, multitaskers tend to pay attention to various information available in the environment, without sufficient focus on. Contrary to previousreports,though, the performance deficit was not specifically tied to distractors, but was instead more global in nature. Wagner date 2009 volume 106 issue 37 page start 15583 page end 15587 doi 10. Media multitasking has been associated with depressive symptoms and social anxiety by a single study involving 318 participants. May, 2019 past research suggests that heavy media multitaskers hmms perform worse on tasks that require executive control, compared to light media multitaskers lmms. The study used experiments to compare heavy media multitaskers to light media multitaskers in terms of their cognitive control and ability. Cognitive control in media multitaskers, ophir, nass and wagner, proceedings of the national academy of sciences, september 15, 2009 breadthbased versus focused cognitive control in media multitasking behaviors, lin, proceedings of the national academy of sciences, september 15, 2009. This paper aims to investigate whether individual differences between hmms and lmms make them respond differently to advertising in a media multitasking context and whether this stems from differences in the ability versus the.
A trait media multitasking index was developed to identify groups of heavy and light media multitaskers. Across two experiments, heavy media multitaskers were better able to switch between tasks in the task switching paradigm. Individuals who engage in heavier media multitasking are found to perform worse on cognitive control tasks and exhibit more socioemotional difficulties. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences 106. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america, 10637, 1558315587. Cognitive control in media multitaskers eyal ophira, clifford nassb,1, and anthony d. Media multitasking and cognitive, psychological, neural, and. Ophir, nass, and wagner 2009, proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america, 10637, 1558315587 found that people with high scores on the media use questionnairea questionnaire that measures the proportion of media usage time during which one uses more than one medium at the same timeshow impaired performance on various tests of distractor. Chronic media multitasking is quickly becoming ubiquitous, although processing multiple incoming streams of information is considered a challenge for human. Pdf extending from the increasing prevalence of media in personal, social, and work environments, research has indicated that media. These two groups were then compared along established cognitive control dimensions. Impact of adolescent media multitasking on cognition and. Interestingly, participants with intermediate levels of media multitasking sometimes performed better than both light and heavy media.
Aug 01, 2011 a 2009 study by stanford university published in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences, cognitive control in media multitaskers, used experiments to compare heavy media multitaskers to light media multitaskers in terms of their cognitive control and ability to process information. On the other hand, they found media multitasking inefficient, which implies a smaller amount of cognitive resources available to process advertising. This phenomenon is not limited to american youth but is paralleled across the globe. Two replication studies and a metaanalysis, authorwisnu wiradhany and mark r.
A touchstone 2009 study by stanford university used experiments to compare heavy media multitaskers to light media multitaskers in terms of their cognitive control and ability to process information. Higher media multitasking activity is associated with. American youth spend more time with media than any other waking activity. Two replication studies and a metaanalysis wisnu wiradhany 0 1 mark r. Extending from the increasing prevalence of media in personal, social, and work environments, research has indicated that media multitasking i. How multitasking affects productivity and brain health. Media multitasking, the concurrent use of multiple media forms, has been shown to be related to greater selfreported impulsivity and less selfcontrol. Given that a large number of media multitaskers mmts are children and young adults whose brains are still developing, there is great urgency to understand the neurocognitive profiles of mmts. Aug 24, 2017 ophir, nass, and wagner 2009, proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america, 10637, 1558315587 found that people with high scores on the mediause questionnairea questionnaire that measures the proportion of mediausage time during which one uses more than one medium at the same timeshow impaired performance on various tests of distractor. Chronic media multitasking is quickly becoming ubiquitous, although processing multiple incoming streams of information is considered a challenge for human cognition. Breadthbiased versus focused cognitive control in media. Relationship between chronic media multitasking and cognitive abilities. This bibliography was generated on cite this for me on monday, may 4, 2015.
The previous research has revealed its strong connection with cognitive control, executive functions, and academic performance, yet the specificity and efficacy of media multitasking performance, especially among children while they carry. The goal was to examine whether there is a relationship between chronic media multitasking and cognitive control abilities. Media multitaskers pay mental price, stanford study shows. Ophir, nass, and wagner further point out that if the growth of multitasking across individuals leads to or encourages the emergence of a qualitatively different, breadthbiased profile of cognitive control, then the norm of multiple input streams will have significant consequences for learning, persuasion, and other media effects. Wagner, journalproceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america, year2009, volume106 37, pages 155837. Previous research comparing heavy media multitaskers and light media multitaskers sug. Pdf cognitive control in media multitaskers clifford nass. Adolescence is a critical period in brain development particularly in regions related to attention and executive function ef. Cognitive control in media multitaskers eyal ophir a, clifford nass b,1, and anthony d. Heavy media multitaskers have been found to perform poorly in certain cognitive tasks involving task switching, selective attention, and working memory. Cognitive control in media multitaskers university of dundee.
A series of experiments addressed whether there are systematic differences in information processing styles between chronically heavy and light media multitaskers. Higher media multitasking activity is associated with smaller graymatter density in the anterior cingulate cortex, plos one, 99. The researchers are still studying whether chronic media multitaskers are born with an inability to concentrate or are damaging their cognitive control by willingly taking in so much at once. Influence of age and training on planning instruction using mobiles phones by preservice social studies teachers. This article is an open access publication abstract ophir,nass,andwagner2009,proceedingsofthe national academy of sciences of the united states of america,10637,1558315587foundthatpeoplewithhigh. Purpose past research suggests that heavy media multitaskers hmms perform worse on tasks that require executive control, compared to light media multitaskers lmms.